Sahrawis campaign for independence in the second intifada. Time for international reengagement in western sahara. Dec 09, 2020 stephen zunes is a professor of politics at the university of san francisco and coauthor, with jacob mundy, of western sahara. War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution largely succeed in giving the reader a comprehensive tour dhorizon of the dispute anthony pazzanita, author of the historical dictionary of western sahara, third edition from international journal of african historical studies. Morocco and western sahara institute for policy studies. Nevertheless, some good resources do exist, the most comprehensive of which is jacob mundy and steven zunes 2010 book western sahara. Pitting local nationalist determination against moroccan territorial ambitions, the dispute is further complicated by regional tensions with algeria and the geostrategic concerns of major global players, including the united states, france, and the territory. Prior to the 1975 moroccan invasion of the territory, western sahara had been known as spanish sahara. Nationalist expansion into western sahara and their support from the united states rachid h. The united nations failure in resolving the western sahara conflict. War, nationalism and conflict irresolution syracuse.
War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution is one of the most comprehensive scholarly works on the conflict of western sahara. The western sahara dispute, now in its fourth decade, appears to be a forgotten and frozen conflict. In reality, the conflict and its perpetual irresolution are central to the ways in which usa hegemony was reconstituted in the late cold war and the processes through which washington has been able to reproduce its global dominance since then. War, nationalism and conflict irresolution syracuse, n. Middle east policy is fully accessible through the wiley online library.
This chapter explores some challenges of analysis faced by scholars of the western sahara conflict. Western sahara is a former spanish colony that has been largely under moroccan occupation since the conclusion of a 19751991 war between morocco and the proindependence polisario front. While the context of that article focused on the current uprisings in the middle east and north africa, the western sahara conflict received an indirect and odd mention. War, nationalism and conflict irresolution find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Second paragraph of article 2 common to the 1949 geneva conventions. The introductory chapter specifies the question that guides the development of the book. Secretary generals report to security council on western sahara, 19 april 2006 pdf file. Last week, the new york times ran an article on arab lobbying in washington, dc. Jun 17, 2014 in just two seasons orange is the new black has become a true classic. Click below to subscribe to the online or print edition of middle east policy and gain. Second paragraph of third chapter and its a long one, sorry. Western sahara project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. As of this writing there is still no solution to the western sahara morocco conflict. Rapport sur les violations du pacte international relatif aux droits.
He will begin pursuing a phd at the university of exeters institute for arab and islamic studies, england, in autumn 2006. Mundo africa mundo america conflicto territorial, eeuu, marruecos, sahara occidental. War, nationalism and conflict irresolution, by stephen zunes and jacob mundy second paragraph of third chapter and its a long one, sorry. Pdf on may 1, 2014, hugh roberts published stephen zunes and jacob mundy, western sahara. In the autumn of 2010, several thousand western saharans known as saharawis set up an. War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution syracuse studies on. The western sahara conflict is an ongoing conflict between the polisario front and the kingdom of morocco. As an alternative, the kindle ebook is available now and can be read on any device. While more than one billion people have been decolonized over the past fifty years, western sahara is still recognized by the international community as a nonselfgoverning territory, occupied. Pitting local nationalist determination against moroccan territorial ambitions, the dispute is further complicated by regional tensions with algeria and the geostrategic concerns of major global players, including the united states, france, and the territorys.
It not only deconstructs the historical complex ity of the dispute, but it also interprets it in the context of recent events. He is the author, with jacob mundy, of western sahara. The western sahara conflict has resulted in severe human rights abuses. War, nationalism and conflict irresolution zoubir, y. The western sahara conflict has outlasted the 197591 war between morocco and the western saharan independence movement, led by the frente polisario. As a resource for activists, journalists, and scholars interested in learning more about the western sahara conflict, weve compiled an extensive timeline tracing the history of the territory from to spanish colonization in 1884 all the way to the hunger strikes of early 2014. The geopolitical functions of the western sahara conflict. Below, youll find information on early independence efforts, the green march and moroccan occupation, the war between. Syracuse studies on peace and conflict resolution 25 books. The polisario front, representing western sahara s nascent nationalism, contested rabats claim, receiving support from moroccos regional adversary, algeria.
Selfsufficient agents of manipulated victims of conflict. Trumps deal on moroccos western sahara annexation risks. Since the beginning of the conflict, both countries have begun mass. Us should reassess policy in western sahara, january 10, 1989. Algeria and morocco the francoamerican consensus the historical formation of western saharan nationalism expressions of nationalism. War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution, second edition. Phosboucraa and phosphate production in western sahara.
The new york times western sahara geography problem jacob mundy march 2011. Western sahara history bibliographies cite this for me. The 20202021 western saharan clashes, also called the guerguerat crisis and moroccan. The east timor model offers a way out for western sahara and. This monograph offers a brief overview and analysis of the history of the armed conflict in the western sahara, stressing developments of relevance to the u. Report of the 5th session of the ad hoc committee of heads of state on western sahara, freetown, sierra leone, 911 september 1980, oau doc ahg103 xviii b, 1981, preamble. Their war lasted until 1991, when minurso arrived to organize a referendum on independence. War, nationalism and conflict irresolution new york. War, nationalism and conflict irresolution, by stephen zunes and jacob mundy. This article explores the likelihood of seeing the younger generation of western sahara refugees have recourse to violent extremism in lieu of a nonviolent political struggle for independence. Mar 01, 2011 the last remaining colonial conflict drags on in western sahara, on africas northeastern coast.
In spains last colony, western sahara, both efforts by the colonial power to stimulate development and the negative impacts of colonisation intensified between the end of the ifni sahara war 195758 and the spanish withdrawal in 1975. Jacob mundy is coauthor of the forthcoming western sahara. May 22, 2017 it succinctly draws attention to a central aspect of the western sahara conflict, and an increasingly key demand made by saharawi proindependence activists. Apr 21, 2009 in 1975, morocco took over western sahara, which had been a spanish colony. Today the conflict is dominated by unarmed civil campaigns of the polisario front and their self. The 20202021 western saharan clashes, also called the guerguerat crisis and moroccan military intervention in guerguerat is an armed conflict between morocco and the selfproclaimed sahrawi arab democratic republic sadr, represented at the united nations by the polisario front, in the disputed region of western sahara. The east timor model offers a way out for western sahara. The western sahara conflict has proven to be one of the most protracted and intractable struggles facing the international community. The western sahara conflict also resonated at the international level. The conflict over the western sahara has blighted the regional politics of the maghrib. Morocco and the western saharan polisario front exchanged fire after the moroccan army entered guerguerat, a buffer zone just south of the moroccan occupied. Strafpgetty images last week, president trump formally recognized moroccos annexation of western sahara as part of a deal to get morocco to normalize relations with israel.
War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution syracuse, ny. But moroccos claim on western sahara is rejected by the united nations, the world court, the african union and a broad. Free western sahara war nationalism and conflict irresolution pdf. The western sahara conflict has proven to be one of the most protract.
War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution, syracuse university press, 2010, p. War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution syracuse studies on peace and conflict resolution kindle edition by zunes, stephen, mundy. Yet an examination of the war for western sahara its origins, its evolution, and its nonconclusionis an important first step toward an understanding of the broader conflict. Representing sahrawi refugees educational displacement to cuba.
The disputed territory a mostly desert region roughly the size of the united kingdom and with a population of only several hundred thousand was a spanish colony until the mid1970s, when spain ceded sovereignty to morocco and mauritania. Stephen zunes is a professor of politics at the university of san francisco and is coauthor, with jacob mundy, of western sahara. Modernising violence and social change in the spanish sahara. Army and to american and regional strategic interests since moroccos independence in. The united states has provided military, economic, and diplomatic support for moroccos war effort. Bush, international organizations, middle east and. Phosboucraa and phosphate production in western sahara ejatlas. War, nationalism and conflict irresolution syracuse, 2010. The conflict originated from an insurgency by the polisario front against spanish colonial forces from 1973 to 1975 and the subsequent western sahara war against morocco between 1975 and 1991.
War, nationalism and conflict irresolution syracuse university press with stephen zunes. Sahrawis from the disputed territory of western sahara, many of whom live in exile in refugee. Nov 07, 2016 the former spanish colony western sahara, listed as a united nations nonselfgoverning territories since 1963, is a profitable source of phosphorous situated at boucra, which despite international and local protest is being exploited by morocco and sold to markets around the world. Request pdf on jul 1, 2012, yahia zoubir published western sahara. War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution syracuse. It was the latest escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region.
Modernising violence and social change in the spanish. War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution largely succeed in giving the reader a comprehensive tour dhorizon of the dispute, one that begins with the 197591 war between morocco and polisario and continues with chapters describing the political rivalries in north africa. Pdf war and insurgency in the western sahara geoffrey. At the regional level, the western sahara dispute then became one side of an interlocking conflict between morocco and algeria, which had origins in a brief border war in 1963. The show has done a great job portraying life in womens prison as written down by piper kerman in her bestselling 2010 memoir of the same name describing a year as an inmate. Apr 23, 2017 the western sahara file 1984 third world quarterly. Casualties of the stalemate between morocco and the algerianbacked polisario rebels, 100,000 refugees subsist. Aug 04, 2010 the western sahara conflict has proven to be one of the most protracted and intractable struggles facing the international community. War, nationalism, and conflict irresolution syracuse university. Cycles of crisis, migration and the formation of new political. Aug 07, 2009 george joffe, conflict in the western sahara, conflict in africa, ed oliver furley, pp119. Timeline of the western sahara conflict 2 2 information gathered for this timeline comes from zunes, s. On africas atlantic coast, at the western extremity of the arab world, lies western sahara, site of africas longest postcolonial conflict.
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